NEET (UG)

What is NEET (UG)?

The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test – Undergraduate [NEET (UG)] is a national-level entrance examination conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) for admission to undergraduate medical and allied health science courses across India. It is the single, unified gateway for admission to MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BUMS, BSMS, BHMS, and B.Sc. Nursing programmes in all government and private medical/dental colleges throughout the country.

NEET (UG) has been conducted by NTA since 2019 with the approval of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and the Ministry of Education, in pursuance of the direction of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India. As mandated under Section 14 of the National Medical Commission Act, 2019, NEET (UG) serves as the common and uniform entrance test for undergraduate medical education in all medical institutions governed by the NMC Act.

NEET (UG) is also the qualifying entrance examination for admission to MBBS programmes at AIIMS and JIPMER institutes across India, as per the provisions of Section 14(1) of the NMC Act, 2019. The examination is conducted in Pen and Paper (OMR) mode, offering questions in multiple regional languages in addition to English and Hindi.

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NEET Registration Statistics

NEET (UG) is the largest medical entrance examination in the world by the number of registered candidates. The table below reflects the growth in candidate registrations over recent years:

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Eligibility Criteria

Age Criteria

As per the Graduate Medical Education Regulation-2023 (Amendment) dated 16.06.2023:

• A candidate must have completed the age of 17 years on or before 31st December of the year in which they appear for NEET (UG).
• For NEET (UG) – 2026, the lower age limit for all categories (General/GEN-EWS/SC/ST/OBC-NCL/PwBD) is: born on or before 31.12.2009.
• Upper Age Limit: As per the letter from NMC/UGMEB dated 09 March 2022, there is no upper age limit for appearing in NEET (UG).

Educational Qualification

Candidates must have passed Class XII (or equivalent) from a recognised Board/University with Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English as mandatory subjects, including practical tests in the science subjects.

Qualifying Examination Requirements

To be eligible for NEET (UG) – 2026, candidates must have passed any one of the following qualifying examinations:

Note: Candidates who have studied Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology even as additional subjects after passing Class 12 from a duly recognised Board are also permitted to appear in NEET (UG), as per Public Notice dated 22.11.2023. Candidates from foreign/international boards must ensure their qualification is equivalent as per Code 07.

Nationality Criteria

Indian Citizens, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Overseas Citizens of India (OCI), Persons of Indian Origin (PIO), and Foreign Nationals are eligible to appear in NEET (UG) subject to the rules and regulations of respective State Governments and the Government of India. OCI cardholders are entitled to the rights and privileges as per the Hon'ble Supreme Court Order dated 03.02.2023 in WP No. 891 of 2021. Indian citizens/OCIs intending to pursue undergraduate medical courses in foreign medical/dental institutes must also qualify NEET (UG).

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Reservation Policy

Indian nationals belonging to certain categories are admitted under reserved seats in accordance with rules prescribed by the Government of India. The categories and extent of reservation for the 15% All India Quota / Central Institutes are as follows:

Note: For State Quota Seats (85%), the reservation policy of the respective State Government shall apply. Candidates belonging to the creamy layer of OBC are treated as General (Unreserved) category candidates.

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NEET Examination Scheme

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NEET Exam Pattern

The question paper of NEET (UG) – 2026 comprises 180 compulsory Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) across three subjects: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (Botany & Zoology). Each question carries four options with a single correct answer.

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Marking Scheme

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Duration of Examination

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Qualifying Criteria (Minimum Cutoff Percentile)

To be eligible for admission to Undergraduate Medical Courses, candidates must secure the following minimum marks/percentile in NEET (UG):

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Application Fee

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Syllabus for NEET (UG) – 2026

The syllabus of NEET (UG) – 2026 has been notified by the National Medical Commission (NMC). There is no change in the syllabus with respect to the previous year. The syllabus covers Class XI and Class XII topics of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

Physics

UNIT 1: Physics and Measurement

Units of measurements, System of Units, S.I. Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures. Errors in measurements. Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.

UNIT 2: Kinematics

The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, position-time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs. Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and subtraction, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity. Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.

UNIT 3: Laws of Motion

Force and inertia, Newton's First law of motion. Momentum, Newton's Second Law of motion, Impulses. Newton's Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications – vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.

UNIT 4: Work, Energy and Power

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power. The potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; motion in a vertical circle. Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

UNIT 5: Rotational Motion

Centre of mass of a two-particle system; Centre of mass of a rigid body. Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications. The moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.

UNIT 6: Gravitation

The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler's law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy of satellite.

UNIT 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids

Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Effect of gravity on fluid pressure. Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity. Bernoulli's principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer – conduction, convection and radiation.

UNIT 8: Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium and the concept of temperature. Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Heat, work and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.

UNIT 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases – assumptions, concept of pressure, kinetic interpretation of temperature. RMS speed of gas molecules. Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases. Mean free path. Avogadro's number.

UNIT 10: Oscillations and Waves

Oscillations and periodic motion; time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase. Oscillations of a spring – restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. – kinetic and potential energies. Simple pendulum – derivation of expression for its time period. Wave motion, longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of the travelling wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics. Beats.

UNIT 11: Electrostatics

Electric charges; Conservation of charge. Coulomb's law – forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges, superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric flux. Gauss's law and its applications. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges. Conductors and insulators, dielectrics, capacitors and capacitance.

UNIT 12: Current Electricity

Electric current: drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance, I-V characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors. Electrical energy and power. Electrical resistivity and conductivity. Series and parallel combinations of resistors. Temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell. Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge.

UNIT 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel current-carrying conductors – definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field. Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples.

UNIT 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law, induced emf and current, Lenz's law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value. Reactance and impedance. LCR series circuit, resonance. Power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.

UNIT 15: Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays). Applications of electromagnetic waves.

UNIT 16: Optics

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula and lens maker formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Magnification, power of a lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction of light through a prism. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers. Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' Principle. Interference: Young's double-slit experiment. Diffraction due to a single slit. Polarization: plane-polarized light, Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.

UNIT 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations. Einstein's photoelectric equation; particle nature of light. Matter waves – wave nature of particle, de-Broglie relation.

UNIT 18: Atoms and Nuclei

Alpha-particle scattering experiment. Rutherford's model of atom. Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, mass-energy relation, mass defect. Binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number. Nuclear fission and fusion.

UNIT 19: Electronic Devices

Semiconductors; semiconductor diode – I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier. I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode. Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR).

UNIT 20: Experimental Skills

Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of experiments including: Vernier calipers, Screw gauge, Simple Pendulum, Metre scale, Young's modulus, Surface tension, Viscosity, Speed of sound, Specific heat capacity, Resistivity, Ohm's law, Galvanometer (half deflection method), Focal length of concave/convex mirror and convex lens (parallax method), Angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for triangular prism, Refractive index of glass slab, Characteristic curves of p-n junction diode, Zener diode, and Identification of electronic components.

Chemistry

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

UNIT 1: Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory. Concept of atom, molecule, element and compound. Laws of chemical combination. Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae. Chemical equations and stoichiometry.

UNIT 2: Atomic Structure

Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect. Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr model of hydrogen atom – postulates, derivation of relations for energy and radii of different orbits. Limitations of Bohr's model. Dual nature of matter. de Broglie's relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom. Shapes of s, p, and d orbitals. Rules for filling electrons – Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. Electronic configuration of elements.

UNIT 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation. Ionic Bonding and formation of ionic bonds. Covalent Bonding – electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment, VSEPR theory and shapes of simple molecules. Valence Bond Theory, hybridization (s, p, d orbitals), resonance. Molecular Orbital Theory – LCAOs, bonding and antibonding MOs, bond order. Metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications.

UNIT 4: Chemical Thermodynamics

System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, entropy. First law of thermodynamics – heat, work, internal energy and enthalpy. Hess's law. Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization and solution. Second law of thermodynamics – spontaneity, ΔS and ΔG. ΔG° and equilibrium constant.

UNIT 5: Solutions

Methods for expressing concentration – molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage. Vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law. Ideal and non-ideal solutions. Colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure. van't Hoff factor and its significance.

UNIT 6: Equilibrium

Concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical and chemical processes. Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc). ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium. Factors affecting equilibrium – Le Chatelier's principle. Ionic equilibrium – weak and strong electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, solubility products, and buffer solutions.

UNIT 7: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, molar conductivities, Kohlrausch's law. Electrochemical cells – Galvanic and Electrolytic cells. Standard electrode potential, Nernst equation. Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change. Dry cell, lead accumulator, and fuel cells.

UNIT 8: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting rate of reactions. Elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant. Zero and first-order reactions. Effect of temperature on rate of reactions. Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation. Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT 9: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table. s, p, d and f block elements. Periodic trends – atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity.

UNIT 10: p-Block Elements

Group 13 to Group 18 Elements: General introduction. Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups. Unique behaviour of the first element in each group.

UNIT 11: d- and f-Block Elements

Transition Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of first-row transition elements – physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation, properties and uses of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄. Inner Transition Elements: Lanthanoids – electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids – electronic configuration and oxidation states.

UNIT 12: Co-ordination Compounds

Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner's theory, ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation. IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds. Isomerism. Bonding: Valence Bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal Field Theory, colour and magnetic properties. Importance of coordination compounds in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT 13: Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

Purification – crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography – principles and their applications. Qualitative analysis – detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens. Quantitative analysis – estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur and phosphorus.

UNIT 14: Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

Tetravalency of carbon, shapes of simple molecules – hybridization (s and p). Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups. Isomerism – structural and stereoisomerism. Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC). Covalent bond fission – homolytic and heterolytic. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond – inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Common types of organic reactions.

UNIT 15: Hydrocarbons

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions. Alkanes – conformations, mechanism of halogenation. Alkenes – geometrical isomerism, mechanism of electrophilic addition. Alkynes – acidic character, addition reactions. Aromatic hydrocarbons – nomenclature, benzene structure and aromaticity, mechanism of electrophilic substitution.

UNIT 16: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

General methods of preparation, properties and reactions. Nature of C-X bond, mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses and environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons and DDT.

UNIT 17: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers; Aldehydes and Ketones; Carboxylic Acids. General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. Mechanism of dehydration of alcohols. Acidic nature of phenols. Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group. Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction.

UNIT 18: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. Amines – nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification. Diazonium Salts – importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

UNIT 19: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates – classification, aldoses and ketoses, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides. Proteins – elementary idea of α-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins; primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure; denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Vitamins – classification and functions. Nucleic Acids – chemical constitution of DNA and RNA, biological functions of nucleic acids. Hormones (general introduction).

UNIT 20: Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds. Detection of functional groups – hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones), carboxyl and amino groups. Chemistry involved in the preparation of: Mohr's salt, potash alum; acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform. Titrimetric exercises – acids, bases and indicators, oxalic acid vs KMnO₄, Mohr's salt vs KMnO₄. Qualitative salt analysis – Cations: Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺; Anions: CO₃²⁻, S²⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻.

Biology (Botany & Zoology)

UNIT 1: Diversity in Living World

What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; Taxonomy and systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature. Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids. Salient features and classification of plants into major groups – Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category). Salient features and classification of animals – nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level.

UNIT 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants (Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed) with reference to relevant practical families (malvaceae, cruciferae, leguminoceae, compositae, graminae). Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog) – brief account only.

UNIT 3: Cell Structure and Function

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life. Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Plant cell and animal cell. Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall. Cell organelles – structure and function: Endomembrane system, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles. Nucleus – nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus. Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, enzymes. Cell division: cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

UNIT 4: Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis; Pigments involved; Photochemical and biosynthetic phases; Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis. Respiration: Exchange of gases; Cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation, TCA cycle and electron transport system; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient. Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of Plant growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulators – auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.

UNIT 5: Human Physiology

Breathing and Respiration; Respiratory system; Mechanism of breathing; Exchange of gases; Transport of gases; Respiratory volumes; Disorders – Asthma, Emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders. Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation; Lymph; Human circulatory system; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Double circulation; Disorders – Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure. Excretory products and their elimination; Human excretory system; Urine formation; Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function; Disorders – Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney. Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement; Skeletal system; Joints; Disorders – Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout. Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse. Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system; Mechanism of hormone action; Role of hormones as messengers and regulators; Disorders – Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease.

UNIT 6: Reproduction

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination – types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events – development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit. Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation; Parturition; Lactation. Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of STDs; Birth control – Need and Methods; Contraception; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT).

UNIT 7: Genetics and Evolution

Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism – Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination. Linkage and crossing over; Sex-linked inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders – Thalassemia, Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes. Molecular basis of Inheritance: DNA structure and replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation – Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing. Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences; Darwin's contribution, Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; Human evolution.

UNIT 8: Biology and Human Welfare

Health and Disease; Pathogens; Parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue, chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse; Tobacco abuse. Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

UNIT 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications

Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology). Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms – Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues – Biopiracy and patents.

UNIT 10: Ecology and Environment

Organisms and environment: Population interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes – growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy. Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves.

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Key Highlights of NEET (UG) 2026

• NEET (UG) is the only national entrance examination for admission to MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BUMS, BSMS, BHMS, and B.Sc. Nursing courses across India.
• Conducted by NTA in Pen and Paper (OMR) mode – Single Day, Single Shift on 03 May 2026.
• Exam is conducted in 13 languages – English, Hindi, and 11 regional languages for maximum accessibility.
• The question paper consists of 180 MCQs for a total of 720 marks, with equal weightage to Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.
• Biology (Botany & Zoology) carries the highest weightage – 90 questions, 360 marks; mastering Biology is key to cracking NEET.
• Negative marking of –1 for every incorrect answer; unanswered questions carry zero marks.
• No upper age limit for appearing in NEET (UG) – 2026; lower age limit is 17 years as on 31st December 2026.
• NEET score is valid for admission to AIIMS, JIPMER, and all medical colleges across India including government, private, deemed, and central universities.
• Candidates must appear in Class XII with PCB (Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology) to be eligible.
• The exam covers Class XI and Class XII syllabus of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as notified by NMC.
• NEET (UG) 2026 exam date: 03 May 2026 (Sunday), Timing: 02:00 PM to 05:00 PM.
• Tie-breaking is resolved based on marks in Biology, then Chemistry, then Physics, then proportional incorrect answers.
• Minimum qualifying percentile for General category: 50th percentile; for SC/ST/OBC-NCL: 40th percentile.
• Counselling for 15% All India Quota seats and Central Institutes is conducted by the Medical Counselling Committee (MCC), DGHS.
• For 85% State Quota seats, counselling is conducted by the respective State counselling authorities.

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Why Choose Sparsh Academy for NEET Preparation?

At Sparsh Academy, we understand that cracking NEET (UG) is not just about studying hard – it is about studying smart, with the right mentors, right resources, and a structured approach. Our result-oriented NEET programme is designed to help every aspirant realise their dream of a medical career.